| 崩落法采矿放矿口堵塞规律及仿真方法 |
| 投稿时间：2024-06-17 修订日期：2024-10-17 点此下载全文 |
| 引用本文：黄 欣.崩落法采矿放矿口堵塞规律及仿真方法[J].地质与勘探,2025,61(1):172-184 |
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| 基金项目:深圳市科技基础研究专项-自然科学基金“物理约束大数据挖掘算法和深部岩体破裂过程实时监测系统”（编号：JCYJ20220530140602005）资助 |
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| 中文摘要:自然崩落法是一种利用重力和深部围压使矿岩自然破裂、崩落的采矿方法，具有高效、低成本和适合大规模开采的特点。然而，由于开采过程复杂且难以控制，实施后开采方案难以更改，地下放矿过程中的堵塞现象成为技术难题。本文旨在通过数值仿真方法理解和控制崩落矿岩散体运动、碰撞、挤压、碎裂过程，研究自然崩落法放矿过程中的堵塞规律。本研究采用能量跟踪法（Energy Tracking Method, ETM）和Weibull分布的模式识别仿真法，研究了矿岩尺寸、矿岩排列方式、矿岩破裂对放矿口堵塞、放矿点提取效率以及矿层沉降的影响。ETM通过耦合解析解与数值解，确保崩落矿岩散体系统的能量守恒，提高了仿真精度和速度，避免了罚参数的选取问题。同时，Weibull分布的模式识别仿真法可以快速捕捉矿岩在碰撞和挤压过程中的破裂行为。仿真结果表明，岩块碎裂有利于降低放矿口堵塞风险和提高放矿点提取效率。三种不同的矿层模型在考虑破碎后，相比于不考虑的情形下提取了更多的矿屑，分别多提取了9.7 m3、53.5 m3和4.9 m3。同时，岩块尺寸和排列方式对矿层沉降有显著影响。本研究验证了ETM与Weibull分布模式识别法在自然崩落矿岩仿真中的有效性，可为自然崩落法的放矿设计和优化提供技术支持。 |
| 中文关键词:崩落法采矿 堵塞 数值模拟 能量跟踪法 |
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| Mechanisms and simulation methods of drawpoint blockage in caving mining process |
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| Abstract:The block caving method is an efficient low-cost mining technique that relies on gravity and deep confining pressure to induce the natural fracturing and caving of rock masses, making it suitable for large-scale operations. However, due to the complexity and uncontrollable nature of the extraction process, the mining plan becomes difficult to modify once implemented, and ore drawpoint blockages pose a significant technical challenge. This study aims to investigate the movement, collision, compression, and fracturing of caved rock masses through numerical simulation to understand and control the blockage mechanisms during the block caving process. The energy tracking method (ETM) and Weibull distribution-based pattern recognition simulation were employed to study the effects of rock size, arrangement, and fracturing on drawpoint blockages, extraction efficiency, and rock layer subsidence. The ETM method was coupled with analytical and numerical solutions to ensure energy conservation within the caved rock mass system, which has improved simulation accuracy and speed while avoiding the need for penalty parameter selection. Meanwhile, the Weibull distribution-based pattern recognition method effectively captured rock fracturing behavior during collision and compression. Simulation results indicate that rock fragmentation reduced the risk of drawpoint blockages and improved extraction efficiency. Three different rock layer models, accounting for fracturing, extracted 9.7 m3, 53.5 m3, and 4.9 m3 more ores compared to scenarios without fracturing. Additionally, rock size and arrangement significantly impacted layer subsidence. This study confirms the effectiveness of ETM and Weibull distribution-based pattern recognition in simulating block caving processes, and can provide technical support for the design and optimization of block caving operations with practical engineering significance. |
| keywords:block caving mining, ore blockage, numerical simulation, energy tracking method |
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