文章摘要
张照志.中国矿产资源国情调查评价历史回顾及对推动国民经济发展的作用[J].地质与勘探,2023,59(1):188-210
中国矿产资源国情调查评价历史回顾及对推动国民经济发展的作用
Historical Review of China’s National Mineral Resources Survey and Evaluation and Its Role in Promoting National Economic Development
投稿时间:2021-12-28  修订日期:2022-05-30
DOI:10.12134/j.dzykt.2023.01.016
中文关键词: 中国 矿产资源 国情调查与评价 发展阶段 演变规律 国家矿产资源战略
英文关键词: China, mineral resources, national mineral resources conditions investigation and appraisal, development stage, evolution rules, national mineral resources strategies
基金项目:中国地质调查局项目“全国矿产资源国情调查与综合评价”(编号:DD20190606)资助
作者单位E-mail
张照志 中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所北京 1264124110@qq.com 
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中文摘要:
      矿产资源储量家底是一个国家的基础根基,矿产资源及矿产品(含重要工业产品)是一个国家实施工业化及促进现代化建设的物质基础,是一个国家综合国力的体现。要以科学的精神,评价矿产资源。有多少家底,办多大事情,一步一个脚印地支撑国家经济建设。本文在回顾1949年新中国建立以来70余年地质矿产资源勘查、矿产资源开发利用及工业化取得了举世瞩目的成就的基础上,对自1952年以来中国矿产资源国情调查与评价历史进行系统评价,经综合集成研究,总结提出中国矿产资源国情调查与评价的发展演变规律,所得出的研究结论与认识对于推进我国矿产资源国情调查与评价工作具有一定的现实意义。研究认为:矿产资源在我国工业化与经济社会发展中发挥着重要作用,基于中国矿产资源储量管理体制及职能的变化,以矿产资源储量管理为核心,将中国矿产资源国情调查与评价的发展演变阶段划分为5个时期:启动期(1952 ~ 1965年)、规范期(1966 ~ 1993年)、改革期(1994 ~ 2006年)、发展期(2007 ~ 2017年)与深化期(2018年~),阐述了各时期的特点与发展演变规律,以及查明资源储量和矿产品的变化规律。在每个时期,我国均依靠国家力量,组织开展全国性的矿产资源储量调查、核查、核实,资源潜力评价及资源保障程度论证(可供性)等国情国力调查与评价工作。通过对我国第四轮矿产资源国情调查与评价工作进展与现状进行的回顾,我国矿产资源国情调查与评价顶层设计的科学性、系统性越来越强,调查与评价的技术体系日益完善,覆盖的矿种数和矿区数不断增加,不断突出重要能源和战略性新兴产业矿产,重视资源战略、安全及供需形势等国情的分析与研判,妥善处理矿产资源开发与生态环境保护的关系。同时认为:我国矿产资源国情调查与评价是适应国家重大资源战略与规划而开展的,所形成的大量系列宏观成果为国家矿产资源战略、供需形势、资源保证程度论证提供了基础支撑,对于国家制定中长期矿产资源战略、规划、政策,以及开展国家重大资源战略研究等具有重要意义。回顾历史,矿业人始终以科学的精神评价矿产资源,从不冒进、夸大事实,也未给国家造成损失。进入改革开放的新时代,又审时度势地提出利用好“两个市场”、“两种资源”,使我国稳步进入工业化大国行列。矿产资源国情调查与评价在此过程中发挥了重要的作用。
英文摘要:
      Mineral resources reserves are the basic foundation of a country. Mineral resources and mineral products (including important industrial products) are the material basis for a country to implement industrialisation and promote modernisation, and are the embodiment of a country's comprehensive national power. Mineral resources should be evaluated in a scientific spirit. To determine how much home base there is and how much to do is significant to support national economic construction step by step. In this paper, on the basis of reviewing more than 70 years of geological and mineral resources exploration, mineral resources development and utilization and industrialization since the establishment of New China in 1949, the history of China's national survey and evaluation of mineral resources since 1952 was systematically evaluated, and the development and evolution pattern of China's national survey and evaluation of mineral resources was proposed after comprehensive and integrated research and summary. The research conclusions and understanding are of certain practical significance for promoting the survey and evaluation of mineral resources in China. The study concludes that mineral resources play an important role in China's industrialisation and economic and social development. Based on the changes in China's mineral resources reserve management system and functions, and with mineral resources reserve management as the core, the development and evolution stages of China's mineral resources national survey and evaluation can be divided into five periods: the start-up period (1952 ~ 1965), the standardisation period (1966 ~ 1993), the reform period (1994 ~ 2006), the development period (2007 ~ 2017) and the deepening period (2018~). This work described the characteristics and development and evolution patterns of each period, as well as the patterns of changes in identified resource reserves and mineral products. In each period, China has relied on national strength to organise national surveys and evaluations of mineral resources reserves, verification and validation, evaluation of resource potential and demonstration of the degree of resource security (availability), and other national surveys and evaluations. Through a review of the progress and current status of the fourth round of China's national survey and evaluation of mineral resources, the top-level design of China's national survey and evaluation of mineral resources has become increasingly scientific and systematic, the technical system of survey and evaluation has become increasingly perfect, the number of mineral species and mining areas covered has increased, important energy and strategic emerging industry minerals have been continuously highlighted, and importance has been attached to national conditions such as resource strategy, security and the supply and demand situation. It also pays attention to the analysis and judgment of the national situation in terms of resource strategy, security and supply and demand, and properly handling the relationship between mineral resources development and ecological environmental protection. At the same time, it is believed that the national survey and evaluation of mineral resources in China were carried out in response to major national resource strategies and planning, and the large series of macroscopic results produced provide basic support for national mineral resource strategies, supply and demand situations and resource assurance degree arguments, which are of great significance to the country in formulating medium- and long-term mineral resource strategies, plans and policies, as well as carrying out research on major national resource strategies. Historically, mining people have evaluated mineral resources in a scientific spirit, and have never advanced rashly and exaggerated the facts to cause losses to the country. In the new era of reform and opening up, we have also taken into account the situation and proposed to make good use of the "two markets" and "two resources", so that China has steadily entered the ranks of industrialised countries. The national survey and evaluation of mineral resources has played an important role in this process.
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