| 高永伟.哈萨克斯坦主要矿产资源特征及矿业投资环境[J].地质与勘探,2022,58(2):454-464 |
| 哈萨克斯坦主要矿产资源特征及矿业投资环境 |
| Characteristics of main mineral resources and mining investment environment in Kazakhstan |
| 投稿时间：2021-02-03 修订日期：2021-11-10 |
| DOI：10.12134/j.dzykt.2022.02.019 |
| 中文关键词: 矿产资源特征 矿业开发 矿业权管理 矿业投资环境 哈萨克斯坦 |
| 英文关键词: characteristics of main mineral resources, status of mining sector, management of mining rights, mining investment climate, Kazakhstan |
| 基金项目:中国地质调查局项目（编号：DD20201158）和国家自然科学基金项目（编号：41602096）联合资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 哈萨克斯坦地处中亚核心位置，是丝绸之路经济带的重要节点和战略枢纽，具有丰富的矿产资源，地缘政治经济意义重大，是中国企业开展国际矿业投资合作的重要目标国之一。本文在系统梳理哈萨克斯坦基本国情、主要矿产资源特征及开发现状、地质工作程度和地矿管理体系等基础上，对哈萨克斯坦的矿业投资环境进行了评价，分析了矿业投资的有利和不利条件。研究认为哈萨克斯坦矿产资源禀赋优势突出，油气、铀、铬、金、钨、铅、锌及铜等矿种的资源储量居世界前列；全国仅有10%～15%的已探明矿产资源处于开发阶段，采矿业发展潜力巨大；哈萨克斯坦的总体投资环境优越，吸引外资力度逐渐加大，矿产勘探开发水平不断提升。但中国企业开展矿业投资也存在竞争力不足，以及面临政策法规不稳定、地质技术资料不可靠及运营等方面的风险。为此，建议中国投资者一方面要加强对哈萨克斯坦优势矿产的投资力度，积极拓展合作方式及合作领域；另一方面要注重与哈萨克斯坦各利益集团建立良好关系，结合企业优势，综合评价矿业项目，做好风险预警防范；同时，在投资过程中要尊重地方文化习俗，积极履行社会责任。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Kazakhstan is located in the center of Central Asia and is a vital node and strategic hub of the Silk Road Economic Belt with great geopolitical and?geoeconomic significance. Kazakhstan holds rich mineral resources and is an attractive investment destination for Chinese mining companies. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the primary national conditions, characteristics and exploitation status of main mineral resources, geological survey level, and mining administrative systems, this contribution assessed Kazakhstan's mining investment climate and identified its favorable and unfavorable factors. We argue that Kazakhstan has superiorities in mineral resources endowment, which ranks among the top of world in reserves of oil, gas, uranium, chromium, gold, tungsten, lead, zinc and copper. Only 10% to 15% of the proved mineral reserves in Kazakhstan are under development, indicating excellent development potential and broad investment prospects in the mining sector. Additionally, Kazakhstan has a favorable investment environment and has made significant progress to attract foreign investment, accompanied with increased mineral exploration and exploitation activities. However, Chinese mining investment may face some risks from insufficient competitiveness, instability of policies and laws, unreliability of geological data, and others. Therefore, three recommendations were proposed in this paper. Firstly, China should further strengthen the mining investment cooperation with Kazakhstan, especially focusing on major minerals resources and expand the modes and areas of collaboration. Secondly, emphasize establishing cooperative relations with various interest groups in Kazakhstan, evaluate mining projects comprehensively and take measures of risk early warning and prevention. Finally, Chinese enterprises should respect local culture and fulfill community responsibilities more actively. The results of this paper are helpful for the Chinese government and mining companies to assist them in the investment cooperation with Kazakhstan. |
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