文章摘要
万宏宇.广西中酸性岩浆岩风化区风化矿床类型及成矿作用研究[J].地质与勘探,2020,56(1):1-16
广西中酸性岩浆岩风化区风化矿床类型及成矿作用研究
Classification and origin of intermediate-acid magmatic rocks-related weathering deposits in Guangxi
投稿时间:2019-05-07  修订日期:2019-09-10
DOI:10.12134/j.dzykt.2020.01.001
中文关键词: 中酸性岩浆岩 风化成矿作用 风化矿床 广西
英文关键词: intermediate-acid magmatic rock, weathering mineralization, weathering deposits, Guangxi
基金项目:国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目(项目编号:91962107)、广西高校重点实验室基金(桂科隐12-A-02-01、桂科能15-140-27-10)及广西地质矿产勘查开发局部门预算前期工作经费项目(桂地矿综研[2018]20 号)联合资助
作者单位E-mail
万宏宇 桂林理工大学地球科学学院广西桂林 广西有色金属隐伏矿床勘查及材料开发协同创新中心桂林理工大学广西桂林 广西壮族自治区自然资源厅广西南宁 广西地质矿产勘查开发局广西南宁 fuwei@glut.edu.cn 
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中文摘要:
      广西区内139个主要风化矿床(点)中有近4成集中分布于中酸性岩浆岩风化区。新近纪以来新构造运动活跃,东亚季风盛行产生了湿热气候,致使近2.0×105 km2不同时代、不同岩性的中酸性岩浆岩广泛出露并遭受强烈风化,大面积的厚层风化壳在低山丘陵地貌景观区得以保存,这为风化矿床的发育提供了得天独厚的气候、地质、构造和地貌等条件。广西中酸性岩浆岩风化作用形成的矿床主要包括残积型(以钛铁砂矿为代表)、淋积型(以离子吸附型稀土矿为代表)和残余型(以高岭土矿和膨润土矿为代表)三个类型。这些不同类型的风化矿床在成矿条件上表现出显著的母岩专属性和风化环境偏在性,二者联合约束了风化矿床的成矿作用及成矿类型。风化过程中复杂的水岩反应(淋积作用、残积作用和残余作用)是导致中酸性岩浆岩风化形成各类矿床的内在机制。
英文摘要:
      Guangxi hosts many weathering deposits characterized by wide distribution, diverse types, large scales and good ore quality which are rare in China and elsewhere in the world. The weathering mineral resources, including aluminum, manganese and rare earth, are regarded as a “name-card” of Guangxi. Statistics show nearly 40% of 139 known weathering deposits in Guangxi are distributed in areas with exposed intermediate-acid magmatic rocks, implying a special geologic setting. Data suggests that since the Neogene Guangxi has been subject to hot and humid climate associated with the East Asian monsoon. Coupled with active neotectonic movement, such a climate condition resulted in nearly 2.0×105 km2 of strongly weathered intermediate-acid magmatic rocks. Thick regolith derived from weathering of these rocks is widely distributed, which offers a unique condition for supergene mineralization. The intermediate-acid magmatic rock weathering deposits in Guangxi can be divided into three major types: placer type (represented by ilmenite ore deposit), illuviation type (represented by ion-adsorption REE deposit) and residual type (represented by kaolin deposit). In terms of ore-controlling factors, the mineralization specificity of the parent rocks is as important as the local weathering environments, which jointly constrained the genesis of the weathering deposits. The complex water-rock reactions (e.g., leaching, ion-exchange, and elution) during the rock weathering are the intrinsic mechanisms for the diversity of the weathering mineralization.
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