文章摘要
闫 岩.内蒙古中东部浅覆盖区荒漠化的驱动因素及其演化的地质依据[J].地质与勘探,2019,55(2):630-640
内蒙古中东部浅覆盖区荒漠化的驱动因素及其演化的地质依据
Driving factors of desertification in thin-cover areas of Inner Mongolia and their geological evidence
投稿时间:2017-11-22  修订日期:2018-05-06
DOI:10.12134/j.dzykt.2019.02.018
中文关键词: 特殊地质地貌区 浅覆盖区 荒漠化 环境变迁
英文关键词: area of special geology and geomorphology, thin-cover area, desertification, environmental change
基金项目:中国地质调查局锡林郭勒盟-通辽地区基础地质调查(编号:DD20190021)、华北热事件性质及资源效应综合研究(编号:1212011121072)资助
作者单位E-mail
闫 岩 中国地质大学(北京) 地球科学与资源学院北京 中国地质调查局 北京探矿工程研究所北京 北京大学 地球科学与空间学院北京 内蒙古自治区第七地质矿产勘查院内蒙古呼和浩特 cyf065000@hotmail.com 
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中文摘要:
      内蒙古中东部荒漠草原浅覆盖区因其特殊的地质地貌成为了地球科学、环境科学等研究的热点地区。在这个区域内,一方面针对水土资源和矿产资源的开发利用,从多角度、多维度对其覆盖层的揭露探索取得一定成效;另一方面又存在沙质荒漠化和生态环境退化等问题,其覆盖层结构、风沙来源,驱动因素和演化趋势等问题亟待解决。通过研究沙质荒漠化主要成因类型及其形成演变规律、成因机制和未来的发展趋势。以驱动因素-现今状态-影响趋势-地质解释为主线。分析认为:(1)、借助青藏高原隆升影响气候变化可能造就中国北方干旱气候的大背景,新构造运动为沙质荒漠化的孕育圈闭了沉积空间。同时,因构造抬升使得周围山体在外动力地质作用的推动下易于风化剥蚀沙质的沉积;(2)、气候干旱和水资源匮乏是沙质荒漠环境重要影响因素,河流的改道和变迁也是沙质荒漠化发生的动力条件。现代河流阶地和河漫滩上丰富的沙物质是现代沙质荒漠化和沙尘暴的沙源;(3)、空间上半干旱典型的气候带是多动力复合侵蚀的根本原因,时间上,季节性风沙和河流的更替使得复合侵蚀作用更为突出;(4)、人为活动对自然的改造速度是有目共睹的,不合理的人类活动是沙质荒漠化发生和发展的催化剂。在上述背景下,以地质成因的角度揭示沙质荒漠化形成与演化,为荒漠化的科学治理提供相应的地质依据。
英文摘要:
      Because of its special geology and geomorphology, the desert steppe in middle and eastern Inner Mongolia has become a focused subject in the research of earth and environmental sciences and other relevant fields. In this region, on one hand, in view of the exploitation and utilization of soil and water resources and mineral resources, some achievements have been made in the exploration of the overburden from various angles and dimensions; on the other hand, there are problems such as desertification of sand and degradation of the ecological environment. The cover structure, the source of wind and sand, the driving factors and the evolution trend are urgently needed to be solved. This work is concerned with the main cause types of sandy desertification, the formation and evolution of sandy desertification, genetic mechanism and future development trend. The main line is driving factor-present state-influence trend-geological interpretation. Analysis suggests that (1) the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau may be the background of the arid climate in northern China, and the neotectonic movement traps the sedimentary space for sandy desertification. At the same time, because of the tectonic uplift, the surrounding mountains are easy to be weathered and denuded by the external dynamic geological action. (2) Climate drought and lack of water resources are important influencing factors of the sandy desert environment, and river diversion and transition are also the driving conditions of sandy desertification. The rich sand material on modern river terraces and floodplains is the sand source of modern sandy desertification and sandstorms. (3) The typical semi-arid climatic zone in space is the radical cause of multi-dynamic composite erosion. In time, seasonal wind and sand and river replacement make the complex erosion more prominent. (4) The rate of transformation of nature by human activities is obvious to all, and unreasonable human activities are the catalyst for the occurrence and development of sandy desertification. Under the above background, the formation and evolution of sandy desertification are revealed from the perspective of geological origin, which provides a reliable geological basis for government decision-making and scientific control of desertification.
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