The Qaidam Basin in China hosts abundant potassium salt resources, and effective exploration of these resources is crucial for increasing reserves and expanding production capacity. Although traditional drilling and coring methods are direct and effective, they suffer from high costs, low efficiency, and limited spatial coverage. Shallow seismic exploration technology, with its advantages of high precision, high efficiency, and non-destructive detection, has been widely applied in potassium salt exploration. The Niulang-Zhini Lake area in this basin exhibits complex shallow seismic geological conditions, with thick salt crusts widely covering the surface, which has resulted in poor conditions for seismic wave excitation and reception. This study aims to improve the quality of seismic data acquisition and achieve the goal of detecting fine structural characteristics of potassium salt reservoirs in this area. A single 28-ton vibrator for excitation, combined with portable and efficient wireless nodal seismograph for reception, was utilized to systematically conduct shallow seismic data acquisition. Through tests on source excitation and reception parameters, the optimal excitation parameters for shallow seismic exploration in this area were determined as follows: sweep frequency 7-112 Hz, sweep length 12 s, drive level 70%, and vertical stacking of 1. For data reception, a 400-channel seismograph array was used for reception, with a receiver interval of 3 m and a shot interval of 15 m. Based on the above parameters, high-quality seismic data were successfully obtained. The single-shot records exhibit clear wave group characteristics, with strong effective reflection energy and good continuity. The dominant frequency of the effective wave is 35 Hz, with a frequency bandwidth of 10-85 Hz and a detection depth exceeding 2 km. This study provides a reliable geophysical basis for finely characterizing the stratigraphic structure of potassium salt reservoirs and identifying favorable mineralization blocks.