The Shirendi area, located in the central segment of the Gan-Hang uranium metallogenic belt, hosts one uranium deposit, five mineral occurrences, and seven mineralization points, which possesses significant prospecting potential. However, systematic exploration using traditional methods has been challenging due to steep terrain and environmental protection constraints, resulting in limited prior research. This study utilized Landsat 8 OLI remote sensing data and principal component analysis (PCA) to extract iron-staining and hydroxyl alteration anomalies closely associated with uranium mineralization. Research findings indicate that the iron-staining and hydroxyl alteration anomalies exhibit strong spatial correlation with known uranium deposits and mineral occurrences. Field verification of these anomalies led to the discovery of a new uranium orebody, demonstrating the effective prospecting results of remote sensing-derived mineralization-alteration information. In the eastern section of the study area, the iron-staining and hydroxyl alteration anomalies exhibit a predominant NW-trending distribution pattern, indicative of clear structural and lithological controls by NW-striking and NE-striking faults. In the western section of the study area, remote sensing alteration anomalies display a dominantNE-trending spatial distribution, and exhibit pronounced controls by lithological unconformities and volcanic structures. Based on the distribution characteristics of iron-staining/hydroxyl alteration anomalies and regional uranium metallogenic conditions, three high-priority uranium exploration target areas have been delineated in the study area, providing new directions for future prospecting.